There is a pattern. Here's how I think about it: The higher-ranked Warrant Officers are related to insignia for higher ranked officers (at least O-1 and O-2):
- W-1 and W-2 are gold (like O-1), and W-3 through W-5 are silver (like O-2)
- The higher rank has less of the blue/red "breaks" (three breaks for W-1 and W-3, two breaks for W-2 and W-4, and just the thin line for W-5), making them "closer" to the corresponding officer ranks
- For the Navy sleeve patterns, again, the higher rank is "closer" to the single O-1 stripe: W-2 has three breaks, W-3 has two breaks, W-4 has only one break, and W-5 also has only one break as well as the thin stripe (which matches the collar device)
Also, the only differences between Navy and Marines are:
- Marines have W-1, Navy doesn't
- Navy has sleeve insignia and shoulder boards, Marines don't
- Navy's "breaks" are blue, Marines are red