The Air Force made a bid to be the executive agency for Medium and High Altitude UAVs in 2005 and was turned down. Another even more aggressive effort was began in early 2007 and was aired in early summer before the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC), a powerful Joint body chaired by the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VCJCS) and composed of the vice heads of each of the services. Both the Navy and Army strenously opposed the Air Force proposal, but final decision was deferred to the Office fo the Secretary of Defense, Gordon England, formerly Secretary of the Navy and now Deputy Secretary of Defense, has now turned down the Air Force request.