EA6B1, well, that is really a community specific question. I will let Gatordev and Bunk answer that with regards to helos and jets respectively. As for the P3 community there is a 12 month (now, soon to be 18) Inter Deployment Readiness Cycle (IDRC) that the squadron goes through to prepare for the next deployment. The process involves both ground and air training to bring the aircrews and maintenance up to the level needed to deploy. I am just going to speak to the training, there is more that goes into getting a squadron ready such as maintenance, medical, etc... Aircrews are identified, and consolidate into specific Combat Air Crews (CAC) that go through the training process together. Each squadron has 10-11 of them, and they go through a Tactical Proficiency Course (TPC) and evaluation process, spaced out across the IDRC. This involves class room training in the warfare specialties, testing, Weapons Systems Trainers (WST) and Operational Flight Trainers (OFTs) that are coupled, so you have an effective sim that encompassed both the tube personal and their equipment (the WST), and a flight station simulator (the OFT). You practice a number of scenarios that increase in difficulty and complexity (Battle Group Support, ISR, MIO, ASW, ASUW...), with some as practice sessions, finally to the graded events that give your crew the qualification to operate tactically at a certain readiness stance. Then you transition to actual flights on the range, or with other participants (helos, ships, subs), and hone your skills to maintain your qualifications.
Once you have achieved your quals as a crew, depending on the timing, and the next exercise, you are then involved in any upcoming events, such as JTFEX, COMPTUEX, RIMPAC, Wing workups at places like Fallon, etc... In many cases, you are helping a specific battlegroup or wing in their workup process, while perfecting your own skill set and quals. During the last 3 months or so before deployment, the squadron will go into their final workup phase, in preparation for deployment, and other assets (ships, subs, etc) will be on hand to help US go on deployment for that final readiness stamp by the Wing to release us for deployment. For us, we have to have X number of crews at a certain readiness level of qualification. Qualifications are not something you get once and don't have to do again, they drop dead after a certain time period, so you have to continue to hone them, and get evaluated, both in squadron and from higher authority.
Some of these dets and workups involve leaving homeport, and going on det for 3 weeks at a time, but generally speaking, we rotate crews for half the dets, so you don't spend too long away, and also, we get more crews through in the training. For us it is a chance to go train at what we do and spend some time on the road. By this time we have been home for a while, so that week long period or so is not that arduous. We go stay at the BOQ and do our flights, and hit the restaurants in the local area and have a good time. Not at all like going to the boat for a couple weeks to work on your quals like the pointy nose types and those weird vehicles that are so ugly that the earth repels them... jk guys...
For us, it is a good time, that is stressful at times, but helps to bring a crew together during that year long period, and helps make us into an effective team for deployment. The only downside I have, is the frustration that comes sometimes when you have worked with some people on a crew, and gotten to know them, then for some reason or another, OPS switches you to another crew.....