The awards might be similar but not the same. The CAR is given out for being directly engaged with the enemy, including firefights and being hit by IEDs. The key difference with the CAB is that you only have to be engaged by the enemy. How is that different? The best example is IDF, the Navy don't get the CAR for being near a POI when on land (different story for being on a boat, even on tied to the pier). I know personally of several Army guys that have gotten the CAB for ISF that impacted less than 100, 50 or 25 meters away from them (whatever the command's criteria was at the time). As a matter of fact most of the soldiers I know who have gotten a CAB got it for IDF, and most never stepped off a FOB. That is why they are not equal. Quibbling? Maybe, but they are definitely not equal in any sailor's eyes who has seen a soldier get a CAB when they get nothing for being at the same place, same time as a the soldier with the only difference being they wore a US Navy nametag instead of a US Army one.
One thing to note, the latest version of the 1650 only lists the CIB and the CMB as being able to be converted to the CAR, no mention of the CAB.
Has the 1650 been updated since the introduction of the CAB?
In reference to the indirect fire: There's been a real crackdown on this, at least while I was there. In order for indirect fire to be considered an acceptable circumstance for your CAB, you had to be actively engaging the shooter engaging you. Again, this was per our Brigade commander. If it were up to me, IDF wouldn't be considered acceptable criteria for the issue of a CAB, just my opinion.
I find it strange that the Navy will award the CAR if you receive IDF on a ship, but not while on a FOB. Not saying you're wrong, just saying that it's an odd situation. Looking at the criteria I posted earlier, it would seem that the issuance of the award is just more subjective in nature.
And the text you bolded wasn't meant to say that Navy personnel are not in harms way overseas, only to state that a larger percentage of people overseas are Army.