Fixed wing questions
Briefly:
The Coast Guard currently has two operational fixed wing assets, the C-130 Hercules and the HU-25 Guardian (usually referred to as the Falcon). These assets perform long/medium range Search and Rescue - looking for someone and dropping a pump/raft/radio to them, Law Enforcement (LE) - which can be counter narcotics the Southern Atlantic or Eastern Pacific, Alien Migration Interdiction Operations (AMIO) - stopping the many Cubans/Haitians from landing on our shores, and Fisheries - ensuring fisherman are not fishing in closed areas of fishing grounds. You can also do some trash-hauling logistics flights where you resupply various CG units in Alaska (C-130s) as well as the International Ice Patrol Flights looking for Icebergs.
C-130 units are: Barber's Point HI, Kodiak AK, Sacramento CA, Clearwater FL, and Elizabeth City NC. Falcon units are: Cape Cod MA, Mobile AL, Corpus Christi TX, and Miami FL. The transition course for the Herc is either Little Rock AFB, AR or a commercial company known as CAE in Tampa (sorry, don't know what the initials stand for). The transition course for the Falcon is Mobile, AL.
Please PM me with any specific questions and I will be glad to answer.