At the end of the Vietnam War, we briefly had six aircraft carriers floating within the unfriendly confines of the Gulf of Tonkin, with at least four conducting combat flight ops. With the ever increasing "buffer zones" from Chicom Hainan Island and mainland China, along with the North Vietnam threat, we JOs laughed. We thought we would be squeezed-by-buffer-zone out of the Gulf and could go home.
With multiple carriers trying to conduct simultaneous flight ops within such a confined space, the expletives heard over surface ship-to-ship VHF would burn your ears! Especially after an Alpha Strike launch IFR into another carrier's IFR recovery stack!
The red line below is about 160NM. Given the ever increasing 20-30-50 NM buffers in the Gulf from land, we damn near 'buffered' ourselves out of the war.

With multiple carriers trying to conduct simultaneous flight ops within such a confined space, the expletives heard over surface ship-to-ship VHF would burn your ears! Especially after an Alpha Strike launch IFR into another carrier's IFR recovery stack!
The red line below is about 160NM. Given the ever increasing 20-30-50 NM buffers in the Gulf from land, we damn near 'buffered' ourselves out of the war.
