did some digging on the google machine and it looks like it depends on the testing medium (whether paper based or computer). most recent SECNAVINST I could find:
https://www.secnav.navy.mil/doni/Directives/01000 Military Personnel Support/01-500 Military Training and Education Services/1532.1A.pdf
Table on page 16 lists it out, but if you're taking the ASTB then it should always be computerized (APEX) so in that case it would be 31 days between all attempts. if for whatever reason the place you go to still administers paper based then that can result in a different wait period.
What I do find interesting is that you can take the OAR and the Aviation sections separately (but within 30 days of each another - called a "merged test"). It might help people with focusing their studies on one portion vs another. Interested parties should probably check with your recruiter if that's still an option.