Yup. The Swedes, for one, have multiple hot females on their subs. I think it was the Gotland that was in Sandy Eggo when I was there for mid cruise. Good times.
Several countries do--Canada, for one. However, they all use diesels, and their patrols generally last weeks, not months. If they go longer than that, they will port along the way.
As far as dealing with attitudes and adversity in the military, everyone has his or her cross to bear. For every comment a female may overhear, somewhere else there's often a door being opened for you that you're not even aware is being held. I'm not saying that's a reflection on the individual in question, just that you don't always know when your good fortune is due to luck or someone else.