In Viet Nam we were awarded two points for a combat flight during which we took fire, and one point for a combat flight during which we shot, but took no return fire. Obviously, there was a wide divergence in how these points were tallied. Some guys had such good eyes that they were able to see hostile fire on every flight. After a while, I think the squadron tried to simplify things by coming up with a random formula. Twenty points were needed for a Strike/Flight Air Medal.
We were also eligible for Single Action Air Medals. These were always given with a "Combat V". This Combat V could also be awarded with Navy Commendation Medals.
The same general awards criteria were still used in OSW, ONW and OIF. The more things change......
This has been going on for a long time, you can find the same disputes as long as we have had medals for valor and bravery. Just look up Lyndon B. Johnson/Silver Star and Douglas MacArthur/Medal of Honor.