Because we realized long ago that a college degree is needed to do an Officer's job (at least by a 21 year old with no other military experience) and that if Uncle didn't pay for it, his applicant pool consisted largely of the black sheep, fuckup children of wealthy parents.
Is there any real data on this? I definitely don't think that my classmates at OCS consisted entirely of black sheep, fuckup children of wealthy parents as you assume they would be.
As far as I know, service academies are practically as old as America herself. You'd have to go back to the pre-civil war era in order to find a time where Uncle Sam didn't foot the education bill for at least some of his Officers, and the tradition came from Great Britain before that. At the same time, the academies in the U.S. were founded at a time where the minority of Americans could actually read and write, and most of the students were from upper class families. Clearly the benefits of having a more highly educated Officer corps were more pronounced at that time.
For enlisted personnel? Some of them pass a physical screening and a test of basic literacy. That's it. I would argue there is no E-1 to E-3 whose job requires a college degree, so no need to provide one.
I would agree with you, and my post rambled a bit...but I did mention a dedicated college shore duty with continuation contract vice initial entry. There are E-5+ Sailor who would benefit from a college degree because they are supposed to be the system experts on systems that consist of modern day circuit cards rather than transisters, and being able to do a dedicated study shore duty prior to CPO would be useful.
Further, I'd estimate over 50% of the E's in my command are pursuing a degree using TA or have earned a degree using TA. Those E's who want higher education can do it very economically. The others, either lack interest, commitment, or are pursuing technical certifications for follow on careers, which, OBTW, Uncle pays for as well.
On a submarine there is almost no chance a Sailor will complete his degree while on a sea tour. He would have to reenlist to go to shore duty to get TA there, but if he's reenlisting for TA, he might as well get out and use the GI bill. PACE courses are doable if someone wanted to lead the same lifestyle as they did as a non-qual, ie 3-4 hours of sleep a day if they're lucky, except now they have to sit in front of a computer screen or panel in the dark for 6 hours and try not to go to mast for standing an 'inattentive watch.' I've seen some people pull it off with some C's, but there's a very very high failure rate for those who try. I wouldn't call that lack of dedication, I'd call it that after their 4th ORSE drill set of the week, they made a choice between being able to function for their job or trying to pass PACE courses, and they decided that functioning in their primary duty was more important.
It's easy to say that Sailors lack commitment for not getting degrees, but a lot harder to be committed to working into the wee hours of the night on shore duty to get your degree when you just got off 4-5 years of 100+ hour work weeks inport and 3-section underway rotations at sea duty. You also have to factor in that for a Sailor to be promotable, he needs a shore assignment in-rate, which generally means more work than our JO shore duties. At some point, something has to give.