Tribal issues are real. We see it in the Middle east today. But it has become an excuse in Africa. Iraq is working hard to get beyond them and they have only had a few short years of democratic experience. Although not democratic, every other country in the Middle East has stable governments with functioning bureaucracies, relatively healthy citizens and stable economies. Too many African countries endure authoritarian governments, where there isn't anarchy, and don't even get a stable government or security in exchange for their freedom.
The tribal issues in Africa are much different than the ones in the Middle East, especially the Arab part. While there are varied distinctions, the Arab countries of the mid-east have a very similar culture and a largely common language from the Maghreb to Muscat. They are also unified, and in some cases divided, by a common religion. When taken together it makes for a much more homogenous region than Africa.
When you take a look at two countries in the region that do not have a common ethnic, linguistic and cultural makeup, you will find them not much more developed than their African brethren. Pakistan and Afghanistan are made up of various ethnic groups with different languages and cultures, where tribal politics are much more dominant than in other parts of the region. The only unifying force for them is often religion, to our detriment in some cases. Just look at the Taliban, they come almost exclusively from one ethnic group in Afghanistan. That is not by accident.
Contrast the Arab Middle East with Africa, where you have numerous tribes with different languages, ethnicity and culture all thrown in together by artificial boundaries, you are bound to have many more problems. Take a look at Nigeria, with a predominantly Muslim north and Christian south. Split between 3 major ethnic groups (and over 250 smaller ones) with different cultures and language, there are bound to be problems. The same with South Africa, where there are 11 different official languages.
By imposing those artificial boundaries onto sub-Saharan Africa the European powers stunted their own development and growth. It didn't help that they did little to encourage Africans to develop their own institutions and people, instead largely relying on whites to rule. The Congo had something like 10 university graduates among its native population at independence. And we wonder why it is trainwreck now. The 'white mans burden' may have done nothing but set Africans back in the long term.